Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following...

Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following heterogeneous equilibria. $$ \begin{array}{l}{\text { a. } 2 \mathrm{LiHCO}_{3}(s) \rightleftharpoons} \\ {\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)} \\ {\text { b. } \mathrm{PbCO}_{3}(s) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{PbO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)} \\ {\text { c. } 4 \mathrm{Al}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)}\end{array} $$

Write the equilibrium expression for each of the following heterogeneous equilibria.
$$
\begin{array}{l}{\text { a. } 2 \mathrm{LiHCO}_{3}(s) \rightleftharpoons} \\ {\mathrm{Li}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)} \\ {\text { b. } \mathrm{PbCO}_{3}(s) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{PbO}(s)+\mathrm{CO}_{2}(g)} \\ {\text { c. } 4 \mathrm{Al}(s)+3 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)}\end{array}
$$

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Key Concepts

Role of Pure Solids in Equilibrium Expressions

In heterogeneous equilibria, pure solids are assigned an activity value of one, which means they do not appear in the equilibrium constant expression. This principle simplifies the equilibrium calculations, as only the concentrations or partial pressures of gases or solutes need to be considered.

Equilibrium Constant Expression

This concept refers to the mathematical relationship that expresses the ratio of product activities (or concentrations/pressures) to reactant activities at equilibrium, each raised to the power of their stoichiometric coefficients. It is crucial for understanding how the composition of a reaction mixture at equilibrium can be quantitatively described.

Heterogeneous Equilibrium

Heterogeneous equilibrium involves reactions where the phases of the reactants and products differ, such as solids reacting with gases or liquids. In these reactions, only species in the gas or solution phase are included in the equilibrium constant expression, while pure solids and liquids are excluded because their activities are constant.

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