Question

Describe two early induced responses and what pathogens they affect.

Name: Problem 41, Chapter 21: Anatomy & Physiology
Uploaded: 2020-07-09T06:05:12-08:00
Duration: 57 s
Channel: Courtney Burson
Description: Describe two early induced responses and what pathogens they affect.

   Describe two early induced responses and what pathogens they affect.

Anatomy & Physiology

J. Gordon Betts,… 1st Edition

Chapter 21, Problem 41

Instant Answer

Solved by Expert Courtney Burson

07/09/2020

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Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that moves throughout the body and are usually the first responders to pathogens. Show more…

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Describe two early induced responses and what pathogens they affect.

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Key Concepts

Type I Interferon Response

This is an early innate immune response characterized by the rapid production of type I interferons (such as IFN-? and IFN-?) upon detection of viral infections. These interferons bind to receptors on neighboring cells, activating signaling cascades that establish an antiviral state by inducing the expression of numerous antiviral proteins, thereby curbing virus replication and limiting the spread of the infection.

Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Response

This response involves the swift secretion of cytokines like IL-1, TNF, and IL-6 following recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), typically from bacteria or fungal pathogens. These cytokines initiate and amplify the inflammatory response by recruiting and activating immune cells at the site of infection, which is crucial for containing the pathogen and for further activation of adaptive immunity.

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