38. Tabula Rasa: "All knowledge comes from experience."- the blank slate: dump education/ knowledge into students instead of taking time to make sure they understand Psychology 39.(Operant) Conditioning · For Watson, if psychology were to become a science, it had to study observable and measurable phenomena · Conditioning refers to "the strengthening of behaviour which results from reinforcement" 40.Development psychology · Piaget was on of the first to identity that the way that children think is different from the way adults think · Stages of development; children reach stages of development at a time that is appropriate to the individual · The intelligence quotient (IQ) is the ratio between the individuals mental age and her/his chronological age 41.Intelligence Quotient . Crystallised intelligence relies on information derived from long-term memory " You ability to reason using words and numbers improves over time · Experiences in your lifetimes contribute to the growth of crystallised knowledge Competing definitions of Intelligence: A. Judge well, to reason well, and to comprehend well (Binet 1916) B. Solve problems or fashion products valued within some setting (Gardner 1986) C. Form concepts and grasp their significance (Terman 1916) D. Adapt well to new situations in life (Pintner 1921) E. See relations and correlates (Spearman 1923) F. Achieve one's goals in life (Steinberg 1997) 42.Fluid/ crystallized intelligence · Crystallized intelligence relies on information derived from long-term memory.Your ability to reason using words and numbers improves over time. Experiences in your lifetime contribute to the growth of crystallised knowledge. · Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve problems in unfamiliar domains using general reasoning methods 43.Forgetting curve Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve