Abdi Ibrahim
BIOL-1020-L01
Dr. Jennings
Feb 13,2023
Module 04-Kingdom Plantae
Vascular tissue-comprised of the xylem and the phloem, the main transport systems of
plants.
.Seeds- the embryonic stage of the plant life cycle.
Alteration of generations-the alternation of a sexual phase and an asexual phase in the life
cycle of an organism.
Sporophyte- the nonsexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the alternation
of generations.
: Spore- a cell that certain fungi, plants (moss, ferns), and bacteria produce.
Gametophyte- the sexual phase (or an individual representing the phase) in the alternation of
generations
Nonvascular plant-plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem
Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal
transport of water.
Liverworts-small flowerless plants with leaf-like lobes called a thallus, which looks like a
lobed liver
Mosses-flowerless small plants found under the division Bryophyta along with liverworts
and hornworts.
Antheridium- a saclike structure made up of a jacket of sterile cells one cell thick: it
encloses many cells, each of which, when mature, produces one sperm. The antheridium is
usually attached to the gametophyte by a slender stalk
Archegonium- the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses
Vascular plants- those plants, which have specialised vascular tissues for the transport of
water, minerals and food.
Xylem-the specialized tissue of vascular plants that transports water and nutrients from the
plant--soil interface to stems and leaves, and provides mechanical support and storage
Phloem- the vascular tissue in charge of transport and distribution of the organic nutrients
Club mosses-low evergreen herbs with needle like or scalelike leaves.
Ferns-plants that do not have flowers.
Horsetails- a leafless plant, with hollow and rushlike stems.
Pollen grains (Pollen)- a fine powder produced by certain plants when they reproduce.
Pollination- the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the
female stigma.
Pollinator-We call animals or insects that transfer pollen from plant to plant "pollinators"
Pollination is usually the unintended consequence of an animal's activity on a flower.
Pollen tube- a vehicle that delivers male gametes (sperm cells) to a female gametophyte
during double fertilization, which eventually leads to the seed formation.
:Ovule- the organ that forms the seeds of flowering plants.
Gymnosperm-any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or
ovule--unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries,
or fruits.
Conifers- trees that bear their seeds in cones.
Pollen cones-miniature branches with modified leaves called scales that house the male
reproductive organs.
Seed cones-compact branching systems composed of reiterated units that typically consist of
two separate structures: a bract, or modified leaf, that subtends an ovuliferous scale, which is
a modified seed-bearing shoot.
Cycads-seed plants with a long fossil history that were formerly more abundant and more
diverse than they are today.
Ginkgoes-one of the world's most distinctive trees and has no close living relatives.
Angiosperms-plants that produce flowers and bear their seeds in fruits.
Monocots- flowering plants or angiosperms in whi