Biology

Mary Ann Clark, Jung Choi, Matthew Douglas

Chapter 18

Evolution and the Origin of Species - all with Video Answers

Educators

Chapter Questions

Problem 1

Figure 18.14 Which is most likely to survive, offspring with $2 n+1$ chromosomes or offspring with $2 n-1$ chromosomes?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 2

Figure 18.22 If two species eat a different diet but one of the food sources is eliminated and both species are forced to eat the same foods, what change in the hybrid zone is most likely to occur?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 3

Figure 18.23 Which of the following statements is false?
a. Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.
b. Punctuated equilibrium is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate.
c. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in species that live in a stable climate.
d. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the evolution of new species.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 4

Which scientific concept did Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace independently discover?
a. mutation
b. natural selection
c. overbreeding
d. sexual reproduction

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 5

Which of the following situations will lead to natural selection?
a. The seeds of two plants land near each other and one grows larger than the other.
b. Two types of fish eat the same kind of food, and one is better able to gather food than the other.
c. Male lions compete for the right to mate with females, with only one possible winner.
d. all of the above

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 6

Which description is an example of a phenotype?
a. A certain duck has a blue beak.
b. A mutation occurred to a flower.
c. Most cheetahs live solitary lives.
d. both a and c

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 7

Which situation is most likely an example of convergent evolution?
a. Squid and humans have eyes similar in structure.
b. Worms and snakes both move without legs.
c. Some bats and birds have wings that allow them to fly.
d. all of the above

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 8

Which situation would most likely lead to allopatric speciation?
a. Flood causes the formation of a new lake.
b. A storm causes several large trees to fall down.
c. A mutation causes a new trait to develop.
d. An injury causes an organism to seek out a new food source.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 9

What is the main difference between dispersal and vicariance?
a. One leads to allopatric speciation, whereas the other leads to sympatric speciation.
b. One involves the movement of the organism, and the other involves a change in the environment.
c. One depends on a genetic mutation occurring, and the other does not.
d. One involves closely related organisms, and the other involves only individuals of the ?ame species.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 10

Which variable increases the likelihood of allopatric speciation taking place more quickly?
a. lower rate of mutation
b. Ionger distance between divided groups
c. increased instances of hybrid formation
d. equivalent numbers of individuals in each population

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 11

What is the main difference between autopolyploid and allopolyploid?
a. the number of chromosomes
b. the functionality of the chromosomes
c. the source of the extra chromosomes
d. the number of mutations in the extra chromosomes

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 12

Which reproductive combination produces hybrids?
a. when individuals of the same species in different geographical areas reproduce
b. when any two individuals sharing the same habitat reproduce
c. when members of closely related species reproduce
d. when offspring of the same parents reproduce

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 13

Which condition is the basis for a species to be reproductively isolated from other members?
a. It does not share its habitat with related species.
b. It does not exist out of a single habitat.
c. It does not exchange genetic information with other species.
d. It does not undergo evolutionary changes for a significant period of time.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 14

Which situation is not an example of a prezygotic barrier?
a. Two species of turtles hreed at different times of the year.
b. Two species of flowers attract different pollinators.
c. Two species of birds display different mating dances.
d. Two species of insects produce infertile offspring.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 15

Which term is used to describe the continued divergence of species based on the low fitness of hybrid offspring?
a. reinforcement
b. fusion
c. stability
d. punctuated equilibrium

Caroline Jones

Numerade Educator

Problem 16

Which components of speciation would be least likely to be a part of punctuated equilibrium?
a. a division of populations
b. a change in environmental conditions
c. ongoing gene flow among all individuals
d. a large number of mutations taking place at once

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 17

If a person scatters a handful of garden pea plant seeds in one area, how would natural selection work in this situation?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 18

Why do scientists consider vestigial structures evidence for evolution?

Courtney Burson

Courtney Burson

Numerade Educator

Problem 19

How does the scientific meaning of "theory" differ from the common vernacular meaning?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 20

Explain why the statement that a monkey is more evolved than a mouse is incorrect.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 21

Why do island chains provide ideal conditions for adaptive radiation to occur?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 22

Two species of fish had recently undergone sympatric speciation. The males of each species had a different coloring through which the females could identify and choose a partner from her own species. After some time, pollution made the lake so cloudy that it was hard for females to distinguish colors. What might take place in this situation?

Prashant Bana

Numerade Educator

Problem 23

Why can polyploidy individuals lead to speciation fairly quickly?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 24

What do both rate of speciation models have in common?

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator

Problem 25

Describe a situation where hybrid reproduction would cause two species to fuse into one.

Zachary Papazian

Zachary Papazian

Numerade Educator