What is a possible confounding variable affecting the relationship between cigarettes and stress?
Added by Elizabeth B.
Step 1
Let's think step by step. Show more…
Show all steps
Your feedback will help us improve your experience
Patha Sharma and 92 other Psychology educators are ready to help you.
Ask a new question
Labs
Want to see this concept in action?
Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.
Key Concepts
Recommended Videos
Suppose a positive relationship had been found between each of the sets of variables given. In Section 11.3, seven potential reasons for such relationships are given. Explain which of the seven reasons is most likely to account for the relationship in each case. If you think more than one reason might apply, mention them all. (Select all that apply.) (a) Stomach cancer and consumption of barbecued foods, which are known to contain carcinogenic (cancer-causing) substances. Stomach cancer may cause cravings for barbecued foods, resulting in higher consumption. Since barbecued foods are known to contain cancer-causing substances, there is likely to be a direct causal link. Stomach cancer and consumption of barbecued foods may have a common cause, such as genetic factors. Cases of stomach cancer and consumption of barbecued foods both vary over time. Since barbecued foods are known to contain cancer-causing substances, they could be a contributing cause of stomach cancer. (b) Self-reported level of stress and blood pressure. Stress could be a contributing cause of higher blood pressure. High blood pressure may contribute to stress because people worry about having high blood pressure. The association between stress and high blood pressure is likely just a coincidence. There may be a common cause. More high-strung people may see themselves as under stress and have high blood pressure. Levels of stress and blood pressure both vary over time.
Patha S.
A researcher wants to know whether there is a relationship between smokers and stress levels. Smoker (No = 1, Yes = 2); Stress (Low Stress = 1, High Stress = 2) Smoker 477 1580 Non Smoker 1100 843 State the hypothesis for the test you are conducting? Set the alpha to 0.05. Enter data and compute the appropriate test statistic. Make a decision about the null hypothesis. What is the effect size? Type a summary reporting the results as you would for a journal article. Be sure to give the value of the test statistic and the exact significance level from the SPSS printout. Would you implement a stress management program targeting smokers? Why or why not? Justify your answer with the data and output results.
Jon S.
Regarding a confounding variable, which one of the following is least likely to be true? a. A confounding variable could be age, eating habits, hereditary factors, overall lifestyle, smoker/drinker, exercise habits. b. In regards to polling on trivial non-controversial issues, confounding variables would be very unlikely to have an effect. c. A confounding variable generally does not lessen the accuracy of an experiment. d. A confounding variable can be known by the experimenter but still have an unknown effect on the results. e. Confounding variables can be psychological in nature, resulting in response bias. f. Preference falsification can be a confounding variable in certain scenarios.
Adi S.
Recommended Textbooks
Psychology Openstax
Myers' Psychology for AP
Psychology
Transcript
Watch the video solution with this free unlock.
EMAIL
PASSWORD