What are the two measurable outcomes that would help evaluate vaccination programs?
Added by Kenneth C.
Step 1
Step 1: Vaccination coverage – the proportion of the target population that has received the vaccine (often by age group or cohort). Show more…
Show all steps
Close
Your feedback will help us improve your experience
Adi S and 91 other Intro Stats / AP Statistics educators are ready to help you.
Ask a new question
Labs
Want to see this concept in action?
Explore this concept interactively to see how it behaves as you change inputs.
Key Concepts
Recommended Videos
The ability of a vaccine to prevent disease depends on its potency and proper administration to an individual capable of responding. The success of vaccination performed under field conditions may be assessed by measuring protection against clinical disease. Such field assessments can be very useful, particularly when doubt is cast on the efficacy of the vaccine because of the occurrence of disease among vaccinated persons. Vaccine efficacy is measured by: - Calculating the incidence (attack rates) of disease among vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. - Then, determining the percentage reduction in incidence of disease among vaccinated persons relative to unvaccinated persons. The greater the percentage reduction of illness in the vaccinated group, the greater the vaccine efficacy. The basic formula is written as: Question 12: Using the basic formula, calculate vaccine efficacy for Bowie County, Texas. Question 13: Was inadequate vaccine efficacy primarily responsible for this outbreak? If not, what is your alternative explanation? Question 14: What are the possible causes for the failure of the vaccine to protect vaccinated children from acquiring disease? The Data Needed to answer the problem: Bowie Co, TX ARV Immunized cases = 27 57% vaccination level = 11,185/100 * 57 = 6,375.45 Vaccinated children = 6,375.45 ≈ 6,375 Attack rates = 27/6,375.45 * 100 = 0.423 ≈ 0.42 Attack rate Vaccinated (ARV) = 0.42 OR 4.2 per 1000 population ARU The unvaccinated population is 493 - 27 = 466 Unvaccinated children = 11,185 - 6,375 = 4,810 Attack rate unvaccinated (ARU) = 466/4,810 * 100 = 9.688 ≈ 9.69 OR 96.9 per 1000 Attack rate unvaccinated (ARU) = 9.69 Vaccine Efficacy = (ARU - ARV / ARU) x 100 From the above calculations, this should be the correct answer: VE = (9.69 - 4.2 / 9.69) * 100 = 45.68 or 45.68 per 1000
Adi S.
You received a 2-year grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to develop, implement, and manage a mobile STD Prevention Program in which you would drive around a clinic-on-wheels and stop in different places in SPA 6 every weekend. Part of the agreement in the grant is to complete an outcome evaluation within the 1st year of the program’s life. Which action below is useful for your outcome evaluation? Group of answer choices All statements are not useful for an outcome evaluation Every month, count the number of freebies (i.e., brochures, condoms, and gift certificates) that are given away to visitors of the mobile clinic to ensure that the expenses are within the budget Two months after starting the program, you would interview the representatives from different health insurance plans if they noticed a downward or upward trend in hospital reimbursements for STD treatment in Los Angeles County Nine months after the program started, you would interview the participants to your 5-minute “Safer Sex” workshops to see if their perception about the risk of catching STDs has improved?
James K.
Jay is a public health worker and is charged with developing an immunization tracking program for residents of his county aged birth to 21 years. Jay is primarily interested in measles vaccination rates. There has been a major increase in measles diagnoses in young children and adolescents from the years 2010 to 2015 (10 cases in the county in 2010 up to 20 cases in 2015). The current chance of county residents being diagnosed with measles before the age of 21 is 1 in 200,000. Jay is interested in understanding why this increase occurred over such a short period of time. 1. Explain how you can look at this scenario from both an individual perspective and a population perspective. 2. What level of prevention is indicated in the case study? How could the other levels of prevention be represented within this scenario? 3. What is the incidence and prevalence of measles in this case study? Would this situation be considered endemic, epidemic, or pandemic? Explain. 4. What are some of the possible explanations for the major increase in measles cases? 5. What could be some of the ways to track immunizations within the county system? 6. Explain how evidence-based practice would have a role in Jay's work.
Recommended Textbooks
Elementary Statistics a Step by Step Approach
The Practice of Statistics for AP
Introductory Statistics
Transcript
Watch the video solution with this free unlock.
EMAIL
PASSWORD