13. Discuss with and example the divide and conquer principle in data communication.
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Q1. Hierarchical IP Address 1.1 Give a non-network example of hierarchical addressing and discuss how it reduces the amount of work needed in physical delivery. Do not use any example in the book, the postal service, or the telephone network. 1.2 A firm is assigned the network part 128.171. It selects a 10-bit subnet part. a) Draw the bits for the four octets of the IP address of the first host on the first subnet. (Hint: as we don't use all 1 or all 0, the 1st subnet/host is 00...01, while the last subnet/host is 11...10. The number of 1s and 0s in the expression depends on the length of the subnet/host part) b) Convert this answer into dotted decimal notation. c) Draw the bits for the second host on the third subnet. (In binary, 2 is 10, while 3 is 11.) d) Convert this into dotted decimal notation. e) Draw the bits for the last host on the (last number of your ID, if zero, use the one before the last number)th subnet. f) Convert this answer into dotted decimal notation. Q2. Wireshark for Packet Information 2. Visit calstate.edu, login to the system with your ID/password. Use Wireshark to capture this process. Find the packets with the following protocols: 1) TCP 2) UDP 3) HTTP and answer the following questions: a) What's the source/destination IP address? b) What type of protocol is it? c) What are the source and destination port numbers?
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Q5 Consider the following network with assiciated IP Address, MAC Address and ARP/MAC table information PC ARP Tables PC 1 IP: 192.168.10.1 | MAC: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99 PC 2 IP: Empty | MAC: PC 3 IP: Empty | MAC: PC 4 IP: Empty | MAC: Router 1 IP: 192.168.10.6 | MAC: aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:01 Interface Configuration Details Device | Interface | VLAN | MAC | IP Router 1 | f0/1.10 | 10 | aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99 | 192.168.10.1 Router 1 | f0/1.20 | 20 | aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99 | 192.168.20.1 Router 1 | f0/1.99 | 99 | aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99 | 192.168.99.1 Switch 1 | f0/1 | Trunk | — | — Switch 1 | f0/10 | 10 | — | — Switch 1 | f0/11 | 10 | — | — Switch 1 | f0/20 | 20 | — | — Switch 1 | f0/22 | 20 | — | — Switch 1 | vlan99 | 99 | aa:bb:cc:dd:00:99 | 192.168.99.5 PC 1 | — | — | aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:01 | 192.168.10.6 PC 2 | — | — | aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:02 | 192.168.20.7 PC 3 | — | — | aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:03 | 192.168.10.8 PC 4 | — | — | aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:04 | 192.168.20.9 Switch 1 MAC Table MAC | Port aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:99 | f0/1 aa:bb:cc:dd:ff:01 | f0/10 a) When a packet from PC1 to PC4 traverses the trunk link from Switch 1 to Router 1, fill in the following information as seen in the packet headers Source | Destination MAC IP b) Nominate one advantage and one disadvantage of a layered network protocol architecture? Advantage: Disadvantage:
1-The biggest factor in Networking Technologies over the past 20 years has been innovation. 2-The fundamental purpose of a communications system is the exchange of information between two parties. 3-Metcalfe's Law states that the power/value of a network increases in proportion to the square of the number of nodes on the network. 4-Fiber optic technology gives higher data rates. 5-The least expensive and most widely used guided transmission medium is twisted pair. 6-The light source for optical fiber is supplied by a laser. 7-The telephone network is the principal application of circuit switching. 8-A secure, encrypted tunnel established between two connections over an unsecure network is known as a VPN (Virtual Private Network). 9-The two techniques used in circuit switching are called time division multiplexing and space division multiplexing. 10-VoIP is the transmission of speech across IP-based network. VoIP works by encoding voice information into a digital format, which can be carried across IP networks in discrete packets. VoIP has two main advantages over traditional telephony. Describe these two advantages.
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